CP173FlickrPhysicsFinds1


 * ChemPhys 173 - Flickr Physics Finds - Part 1 **

====In the space below, include your Flickr Physics Find and your paragraph describing the physics involved in the photo. To begin writing (or to paste your word processed text): ====
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Precede your photo and paragraph with your name and period. The first entry below is an example prepared by your teacher. **Your entry should be included after the last entry on the page.** Scroll to the bottom and begin your work. 



**Mr. Henderson ... Period 0 **
The photo below demonstrates a considerable amount of physics. The photo shows an object (the duck figurine in the foreground), two mirrors aligned at a near 50-degree angle and six images. The images are primary, secondary and tertiary images which are produced as the result of the reflection of light by the two mirrors. For a single plane mirror, there is only one image - the primary image of the object. But when two plane mirrors are adjoined and the angle between them is decreased to angles less than 180 degrees, multiple images begin to form. For instance, when the angle between two plane mirrors is adjusted to 90 degrees, there are three plane mirror images accompanying the object. Two of the images are known as primary images; the third image is a secondary image.

 Here in this photo there are six total images accompanying the object. Two of the images are primary images, two are secondary images and two are tertiary images. When viewing a primary image in a mirror, light reflects off a single mirror on the way to the observer's eyes. When viewing a secondary image in a mirror, light reflects off both mirrors on the way to the observer's eyes. When viewing a tertiary image, light reflects off one mirror twice and the other mirror once on the way to the observer's eyes. Primary images are images of an object. Secondary images are images of the image of the object. And tertiary images are images of the image of the image of the object. As the angle between two mirrors is decreased more and more, the number of images formed increases. When the two mirrors are parallel to each other (with space between them), there is an infinite number of images. In effect, light at the a correct angle (0 degrees angle of incidence to the mirror) can become trapped between the mirrors undergoing an infinite number of reflections. More information about multiple mirror systems can be found at The Physics Classroom website.

Luke Wortsmann. Period 8 <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">This photo demonstrates refraction caused by an optically dense medium (glass)

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">This image shows snell's law: that a light ray will refract, or bend, when it enters a medium of greater or lesser optical density. In this image the medium is more optically dense so the light ray refracts away from the normal. I measured the angle of incidence at about 45º and the angle of refraction at about 25º. These measures would make the index of refraction of the glass about 1.5, which is close to the real index of refraction of glass. I calculated the index of refraction by applying the measured values of the angles to Snell's law, n1•sine(angle of incidence) = n2•sine(angle of refraction), were the "n" numbers are the index of refraction in the two mediums. Refraction also occurs in reverse when light exits a medium; upon exiting the medium above, the light refracts back to an angle along the normal equal to the original angle of incidence. The light exiting the prism is different colors because the different colors, or wavelengths, of white light refract at different angles in the prism; but the light still follows Snell's law. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">This picture demonstrates the refraction of light through water droplets. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Cormac O'Brien...Period 8 **

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">This picture depicts four water droplets with the image of an eye imposed on them. The effect was achieved by holding a picture of an eye upside-down behind the droplets. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Refraction of the light from this picture causes the image to flip: the light travels straight at the droplets and refracts at the first boundary (one side of the droplet) into a more optically dense substance (water). <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Assume for a moment that there is an imaginary line running horizontally through (not around) the middle of the droplets. We'll call it the equator. When light from the picture strikes the curved side of the droplet, it refracts in such a way that it crosses over the "equator" and exits the droplet on the opposite side of the equator, almost like looking at an object and its plane mirror image from above. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The further from the equator the light ray is, the more angled the boundary, and the more intense the refraction. This causes the entire image to be flipped perfectly in proportion.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Sung Min Choi...Period 8 This Picture demonstrate the concave mirror reflection media type="custom" key="7290611" align="center"

This is a picture of the C-Curve made by Anish Kapoor in South Downs, England. This sculpture is a mirror that bends in a C-shape. Now the inside of this C shaped curve forms a concave shape therefore making it a concave mirror. In this mirror, the images shown look to be inverted meaning that the distance of the person that took this photo has to be beyond the focal point. If the images are inverted and beyond the focal point, then it also means that the images that are seen are real images. Finally, the images appear to be reduced because the sculpture's height is as tall as an average man. Because the image is inverted, reduced in size, and real, we can conclude that the person that took this picture is beyond the center of curvature. All these characteristics of the image being inverter or real demonstrate the characteristics of a concave mirror.

David Chengazhacherril..... Period 8 This photo demonstrates the affect of Convex mirrors in a real life scenario. =media type="custom" key="7231909"= = This photo demonstrates the affect of Convex mirrors in a real life scenario. Because this is just a normal piece of a chandelier or something of the sort, this photo effectively describes the affect a convex mirror will have on an image. As we can see from the photo, this reflective surface produces a virtual image, one that cannot be captured on a notecard or something like that. We can not find this image, which shows that it is virtual, and also the image is reduced based off of our assumption of the height of the object, i mean obviously we cant assume that the object is 7 ft 7 but we can guess that he is larger than the image produced, which effectively supports our laws of physics. This is a prime verifier of our convex mirror ray diagrams, and i believe if we test that in this scenario, the results will come out equal. Based off of this photo and any other convex mirror photo, we have learned that our physics law can be supported and also that we can effectively apply our "textbook rules" (meaning laws and ideas provided by Mr. Henderson) into any similar scenario. = <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Additional directions have been provided elsewhere. A screencast demonstrating the process can be viewed below.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Romil Patel...Period 8  This photo demonstrate a convex mirror reflections media type="custom" key="7219057" align="center"

This is a photo of the Bean in downtown Chicago. This picture show how an object reflects off a convex mirror. Since the Bean is just a big convex mirror, you can see how the objects will reflect. In physics, the properties of convex are that the image must be reduced in size, the image has to be virtual, not real, and it must be upright. In the picture you the Bean is reflecting the skyscrapers of Chicago. All off the images of the skyscrapers make upright images, which makes the image virtual, and the images are reduced in size because the images appear smaller than the object. So if all of the rules for a convex mirror are passed, the Bean is a convex mirror.

Benedict An...Period 8 This photo demonstrates reflection of light on smooth water.

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This photo is a picture of a windmill near South Holland. This is an example of physics because of the reflection involved in creating a clear image on the water's surface. This reflection is called specular reflection where the object, in this case the windmill and smaller buildings, create a smooth image on the water's surface. The water acts as a plane mirror where the buildings can reflect an image onto. On some points of the water surface there may have been some ripples acting as a disturbance. This accounts for the slight diffusion where the image seemed to become blurry. We can clearly see that the water does act as a plane mirror as that it creates only a single clear image and no others.

To Find out more about Plane Mirrors go to Plane Mirrors

Jackson Irwin---Period 8 This photo demonstrates specular reflection.

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Because the lake is so smooth, the light reflects almost perfectly. If there were waves on the lake, the image of the mountains that are in the background wouldn't be as clear, but it would still be there. Basically, the water is acting as a plane mirror.

This link shows the difference between specular and diffuse reflection. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/u13l1d.cfm

Daniel Ahn--Period 7
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====The picture above is taken in New York City. As one can see, there is a concave mirror sculpture which shows the image of several skyscrapers. As the image of the buildings in the mirror is upside-down, this represents a law of concave mirrors, which is that if an object is behind the focal point and the center of curvature, the image of that object will be upside-down. That area of physics is not the only thing that appears to be in the picture. The phenomenon of refraction appears to be under the concave sculpture and on the artificial “river.” As light comes from the sculpture in air, and the light hits the water, the image on the water bends slightly. As the index of refraction for water is more than the index of refraction for air, the light bends towards the normal line when reaching the water. Although there may be ripples in the water that distort that refraction, refracted rays of light are clearly visible.====

For more information about concave mirrors and refraction visit [] and []


 * Rohan Shah- Period 7**

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The surface of “The Bean” is really the outside of a curved mirror. This outside section is known as a convex mirror, as opposed to a concave mirror, where the inside of the curved mirror is doing the reflecting. In this object, we can see the image of the buildings across from the bean. The light rays that reflect off of this object all diverge from each other, so the image is a virtual image, which is located behind the mirror. The image formed by a convex mirror is always upright and reduced. This is in contrast to a concave mirror, where, if the object is beyond the focal point, then the image is an inverted real image, and if the image is between the surface and the focal point, then the image is an upright, magnified virtual image. When a real image is formed by a concave mirror, the reflected rays actually all converge at a point- the image location. The focal point and center of curvature for the Bean are both located behind the mirror surface. This type of mirror, a convex mirror, is what is used by a car on its side view mirror. The fact that a convex mirror’s image is always reduced and gets smaller as the object gets farther away accounts for the fact that there is a little warning on the side view mirrors that says that the object in the mirror is farther away than it appears; when we see the smaller image, our brains think that the object must be farther away, when really, the image is smaller due to the fact that images formed by convex mirrors are always reduced. The equation used to find image/object distances or focal lengths is 1/f = 1/di + 1/do, where f= focal length, di= image distance, and do= object distance. The f and di values will always be negative for convex mirrors, as they are located on the opposite side of the convex mirror. In addition, one can find the magnification, image height, or object height with the equation M = hi/ho = -di/do, where M= magnification, hi= image height, and ho= object height. For a convex mirror, the M value will always be positive but less than 1, because the image will always be upright (positive) but reduced (less than 1).

**Kevin Benson: Period 7**

This photo shows the inversion of images beyond the focal point of a concave mirror, and also the reduction of images in a convex mirror. code []

(The owner of the photo has forbidden its sharing with other sites, so I must link to it instead.) code This is a photo of the sculpture “C-Curve” by Anish Kapoor. (Creator of the Kidney Bean in Millenium park.) The surface of this sculpture is one big curved mirror, either convex or concave depending on where you look at it. The sculpture is located next to the Chattri monument to the South Downs above Brighton, in the UK. The photo was taken at sunrise. The physical property demonstrated in this photo is the inversion of images for objects located beyond the focal point. In this case, the hills in the distance are located far beyond the focal point of the mirror, and thus produce a inverted image. A bonus is the other side of the mirror, shown a little bit in this picture. The hills are smaller than they would be if this was a plane mirror, backing up our rule of Convex mirrors always producing shrunken images. Also, the images are upright, as according to the rules of convex mirror reflection.

= Margaret Schneider: Period 8 = This photo demonstrates reflection on calm water.

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In this photo, the calm water is acting like a plane mirror. Plane mirrors create images the same size and orientation as the original object, which is why the clouds seem to be exactly the same in the water as in the sky. Also, the image of the clouds is located exactly as far from the mirror (or lake) as the actual clouds. That also means that the images will be the same size and orientation of the original object. The water is smooth enough that because of specular reflection, it creates an exact replica of the clouds. The rules of specular reflection are further explained on []

<span style="color: #cf00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 180%;">Annelise Potter: Period 8 This photo demonstrates the magnification of an object through a converging lens (magnifying glass).

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This photo shows the magnified image of a slinky. One can tell that the image is magnified because the image seen through the lens appears larger than the actual object. The image produced in this photo is of the same orientation as the original object, therefore making it upright. From this, one can tell that the object (the slinky) is located in front of the focal point, because a converging lens only produces and upright image if the object is, in fact, in front of the focal point. One knows that if the image is upright, it must also be vritual because a converging lens only produces an upright image if the image is also virtual. From the image being virtual, we can tell, again, that object is in front of the focal point because a converging lens only produces virtual images if the object is in that location. An object located in front of the focal point produces a virtual image because the light rays given off by the object converge on the same side of the lens as the object, causing the image to be virtual. The image would be upright because the rays converge above the imaginary horizontal line that extends from the bottom most point of the image, thus making it upright. One knows that the object could not be in any other location because if the image were located at the focal point, it would not produce and image, and if it were located at any other point behind the focal point, the image would be inverted and real, not upright and virtual, like the image produced in the picture above. Because the object is located in front of the focal point, the image appears magnified, upright, and virtual when viewed through a converging lens.This makes it clearer to see because it is enlarged, and makes it of the same orientation as the object or upright, proving a magnifying glass or converging lens very useful when viewing objects that are located in front of the focal point of the lens.

** Emma Yonkers... Period 7 **
This photo demonstrates both the refraction of light in a converging lens and reflection of the object on the plane mirror on which it sits. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">media type="custom" key="7521745"

<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">This photo demonstrates both the refraction and reflection of light in converging lenses and the plane mirror on which it sits. The material to which the light from the object, in this case a city, is moving, acts as a converging lens. There are two of these converging lenses that are directly next to each other and are refracting the same image of the city that is far in the distance. This is where the refraction occurs. As the light from this landscape enters these clear spheres, it refracts. We can conclude that the objects such as buildings in the city lie behind the 2F point of these spheres. We can conclude this because the image appears inverted and reduced and is on the opposite side of the lens that the object is located. The light bends as it enters and exits the lens flipped over. This is because of the fact that it is a converging lens as opposed to a diverging lens, which would cause the image of the city to be upright. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Specular reflection occurs in this photo in the spheres themselves. The surface that the spheres have been placed on what appears to be a plane mirror surface. This can be concluded because there is a clear image of the spheres and even the image of the upside-down city that has been created by the spheres, on the opposite side of the plane mirror. The image of the spheres has the same size and orientation of the object, which is how images formed by plane mirrors are created. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Further information on the refraction of light can be found here: [|www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refrn/u14l1b.cfm] ** Joey Gordon ... Period 7 ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">This photo shows total internal reflection, light passing through a diverging lens and light passing through a converging lens. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> media type="custom" key="7527337" align="center"

<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">This picture shows three very important physics principles.First, light travels through a semi-circular prism. From there, some of the light rays travel to a converging lens where they pass through it and come together on the opposite side that the entered. Also coming from the original semi-circular prism on the far left, is a white light ray that has that has dispersed and shows a spectrum of colors. The spectrum of color comes back together to again form a white beam right before entering the diverging lens. The white light passes through the diverging lens, diverges, then enters into the converging lens where, when it exits, will converge with the other two light rays that also passed through that lens. Finally, there is a ray of light that doesn't go through the semi-circular prism. It instead heads straight for the bottom of the diverging lens. It enters the diverging lens but instead of refracting out, total internal reflection occurs and then the light heads out of the lens. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Some useful information on converging lenses, diverging lenses, and total internal reflection can be found here: <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refrn/

** Brad Lee. Period 7 **
This photo shows specular reflection, when light reflects off a body of calm water.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/illbethesun/4817245245/ (no embed code)

This picture demonstrates the principle of specular reflection, which is the reflection of light when a light ray hits and reflects off a microscopically smooth surface such as a mirror or a calm body of water. As shown in the picture, reflection is occurring by creating an exact replica of the Shanghai 2010 Expo building on the surface of the calm water. The fact that the image is undistorted or changed in any way form the original object shows that this water is like a plane mirror. Because the water is smooth like a plane mirror, it acts as one, thus creating an image of the same size, orientation, and content as the object. In other words, the image should look exactly like the object, but it may be a little bit blurry because of small ripples in the water. The final observation that we can draw from this image is that because the image is reflected onto a "plane mirror", the image is virtual and upright.

More information can be found at: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refrn/

=Nick Edelman - Period 7=

This photo demonstrates reflection off of the surface of a calm lake.

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This photo of a lake in New Zealand demonstrates specular reflection. Light is reflected off the calm surface off water, creating a relatively clear image of the object (the mountains and surroundings). Although, a small amount of diffuse reflection is present (the image is a little bit blurry). This occurs because the water isn't completely flat and isn't calm enough to act exactly as a plane mirror would, creating an image exactly the same as the object. Because of the smoothness of the water, the major aspects of the image created by a plane mirror are still present (the image is relatively the same size and orientation of the object).

media type="custom" key="7531641" The photo I chose is of a small bridge, grass, rocks, and even clouds reflecting to almost lifelike clarity in a pond. The poster of this photo says that it was taken in the Liliuokalani Gardens in Hilo, which I'm guessing is in Hawaii. This photograph perfectly illustrates the principle of specular reflection. The light rays emanating from the object like grass, trees, and the bridge strike the calm water and reflect into our eyes. The water is so still that it acts as a plane mirror, specularly (is that even a word?) reflecting the light rays which stay in a bundle together as a bundle and reflect to our eyes. If the water had had the slightest ripple, the light rays would have diffused and not have created such a clear and defined virtual image. In addition, this shows that light always follows the law of reflection--that an incident ray will always reflect at an angle of reflection equal to the angle of incidence. If the water had any ripples on it, it would be obvious that the light rays would reflect off the angled surfaces of the ripples and not form a visible image, but light would still follow the law of reflection. However, there is no debate to be had here, for the water's surface is so smooth that the light easily forms a sharp image.
 * //CHRIS CALLAHAN--PERIOD 7//**

= **Anbang Zhang, Period 7** = This picture demonstrates specular reflection of the image of a sundial. media type="custom" key="7530193" align="center"

This picture of a sundial with a glass base demonstrates how light reflects off smooth surfaces. Because the glass underneath the sundial has a smooth top surface, the light coming off of the sundial is a specular reflection, not a diffuse reflection. However, at the edges, where the glass turns downward, there is a distortion of the image of the top of the sundial, where it experiences a brief period of diffuse reflection before returning to specular reflection as the glass once again smooths out.

More info about reflection can be found at http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/

=Anya Agrawal... Period 7=

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This is an photograph of the //C-Curve//, an intriguing sculpture by Anish Kapoor. The reason it is so intriguing is that it demonstrates the effect of convex and concave mirrors perfectly. The side of the sculpture on our left is the convex mirror (as it is the outside of the "bigger sphere" which is silvered) and the side of the sculpture on our right is the concave mirror.

In the photograph, one can see that the reflected image from the convex mirror is upright, or the same orientation as the actual object(s) and reduced in size. The image is also virtual, on the opposite side of the mirror from the object, but this can only be found out if one creates a ray diagram of the situation. One would find that when light rays approach the mirror, following the laws of reflection, they diverge, and so the image is only formed when those reflected rays are traced back to the opposite side of the mirror. When used in the mirror and magnification equations (1/f= 1/do + 1/di and M= hi/ho = -di/do), the focal length, "f", is negative, the "do" is positive, the "di" is negative, the "M" is less than 1, making "hi" less than "ho".

The image from the concave mirror, on the other hand, is completely different. Just by looking at the photograph one can see that the image is inverted (opposite orientation of the object). We can also tell another characteristic of the image for certain: it is a real image. This, like the convex mirror image, cannot be observed from the photo, but rather inferred since we know that all real images for concave mirrors are inverted (while all virtual images for concave mirrors are upright). The last characteristic of the image, its size, cannot be known for sure given the information the photo provides us as we do not know where along the principle axis the object is located (beyond the center of curvature, at the center of curvature, or between the center of curvature and the focal point). However, based on the information we //do// have, one can certainly say that the object is not located at the focal point or in front of the focal point. This is because if the object was at the focal point, no image would be formed, and if it was in front of the focal point, an upright virtual image would be formed. When used in the mirror and magnification equations, "f" is positive, "do" is positive, "di" is positive, "M" could be greater than, less than, or equal to 1 (depending on the object location), which would than also impact the "hi/ho" ratio.

To learn more about images for convex mirrors, visit [|The Physics Classroom (Convex Mirrors)] To learn more about images for concave mirrors, visit [|The Physics Classroom (Concave Mirrors)]

=Sean Lawrence, Period 7=

media type="custom" key="7545621" (The embedding of my picture failed, I apologize, but here is a link)

This picture of a riverfront in Bruges demonstrates very clearly the principle of reflection. The dark, still water acts as a plane mirror and produces perfect virtual images of the buildings, trees, and boats.The light reflecting off the buildings adjacent to the water water forms images that appear to be directly below the objects. There are no secondary or tertiary images; only one set of primary images is formed by the single reflective surface.

Of course not all of the light is reflected off the water, a portion enters the water and refracts.

For some extra info visit:[|http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py106/Reflection.html] For some comprehensive, but only semi-reliable info about reflection (and some nifty pictures too) visit: [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_(physics)]